ការងារមិនល្អដោយអ្នកម៉ៅការ៖ សិទ្ធិ និងដំណោះស្រាយរបស់អ្នកក្រោមច្បាប់ហូឡង់

នៅពេលដែលអ្នកម៉ៅការផ្តល់ការងារមិនល្អ សិទ្ធិដំបូងរបស់អ្នកក្រោមច្បាប់ហូឡង់គឺទាមទារឱ្យជួសជុលកំហុសឆ្គងដោយចំណាយផ្ទាល់ខ្លួនរបស់អ្នកម៉ៅការ។ ដើម្បីអនុវត្តវា អ្នកត្រូវតែត្អូញត្អែរជាលាយលក្ខណ៍អក្សរភ្លាមៗនៅពេលដែលអ្នករកឃើញបញ្ហា ហើយក្នុងករណីភាគច្រើន ផ្តល់ពេលវេលាសមស្របដល់អ្នកម៉ៅការដើម្បីជួសជុល។ មានតែនៅពេលដែលរយៈពេលនោះបានកន្លងផុតទៅដោយគ្មានលទ្ធផល ទើបដំណោះស្រាយផ្សេងទៀតបើកឡើង៖ ការផ្អាកការទូទាត់ ការឱ្យការងារនោះត្រូវបានអ្នកផ្សេងធ្វើ ការកាត់បន្ថយតម្លៃ ការរំលាយកិច្ចសន្យា ឬការទាមទារសំណង។ ការធ្វើសកម្មភាពតាមលំដាប់ខុសគឺជាហេតុផលទូទៅមួយដែលបណ្តាលឱ្យការទាមទារទាំងនេះបរាជ័យ។

តើពេលណាការងារមានកំហុសផ្នែកច្បាប់?

ការងារ​មាន​បញ្ហា​នៅពេល​ដែល​លទ្ធផល​មិន​ត្រូវគ្នា​នឹង​អ្វី​ដែល​បាន​ព្រមព្រៀង​គ្នា ឬ​អ្វី​ដែល​អ្នក​មាន​សិទ្ធិ​រំពឹង​ទុក។ អ្នកម៉ៅការ​ក៏​ត្រូវ​ព្រមាន​អ្នក​អំពី​កំហុស​ក្នុង​ការណែនាំ​របស់​អ្នក ឬ​ក្នុង​សម្ភារៈ​ផងដែរ។

An agreement with a builder, a fitter, an installer or a renovation firm is a contract for work (aanneming van werk), governed by title 12 of Book 7 of the Dutch Civil Code. Article 7:750 defines it: the contractor undertakes to produce a tangible result outside employment, and you undertake to pay a price. Everything that follows flows from that one idea of a promised result.

Work is defective when the result does not correspond to what was agreed. The measure is the contract: the specification, the drawings, the quotation, the brand and model of materials, and anything the contractor said to persuade you. Where the contract is silent, the work must have the qualities you were entitled to expect, and that includes compliance with the technical building rules, which since 1 January 2024 are found in the Building Works (Living Environment) Decree (Besluit bouwwerken leefomgeving) rather than in the former Bouwbesluit.

There is a second obligation that clients often overlook, and it is often the more useful one. Under Article 7:754 of the Dutch Civil Code (BW), the contractor must warn you about inaccuracies in the assignment, and about defects in materials or in the ground that it knew or ought to have known about. For building work, since 1 January 2024 that warning must be given in writing and in unambiguous terms, and it must draw your attention to the consequences. A contractor who followed your instruction and stayed silent about an obvious problem cannot hide behind your instruction afterwards.

តើ​កំហុស​នេះ​ធ្ងន់ធ្ងរ​គ្រប់គ្រាន់​ដើម្បី​បញ្ចប់​កិច្ចសន្យា​ដែរ​ឬទេ?

មិនមែនរាល់ភាពមិនល្អឥតខ្ចោះសុទ្ធតែមានផលវិបាកដូចគ្នានោះទេ។ ភាពខុសគ្នាមិនមែនជាសោភ័ណភាពទល់នឹងរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធទេ វាគឺថាតើចំណុចខ្វះខាតនោះមានសារៈសំខាន់គ្រប់គ្រាន់ដើម្បីបង្ហាញអំពីភាពត្រឹមត្រូវនៃឱសថដែលអ្នកចង់ប្រើឬអត់។

• ចំណុចខ្វះខាតតូចតាច៖ ស្នាម​ថ្នាំលាប​ហូរ​ចេញ ក្បឿង​មិន​ត្រូវ​គ្នា និង​គែម​មិន​បាន​បញ្ចប់។ ទាំងនេះ​ផ្តល់​សិទ្ធិ​ក្នុង​ការ​ជួសជុល និង​ការ​បញ្ចុះ​តម្លៃ​តាម​សមាមាត្រ​ប្រសិនបើ​ការ​ជួសជុល​មិន​ត្រូវ​បាន​អនុវត្ត ប៉ុន្តែ​មិនមែន​ផ្តល់​សិទ្ធិ​ដល់​ការ​រំលាយ​កិច្ចសន្យា​ទាំងមូល​ទេ។
• ចំណុចខ្វះខាតធ្ងន់ធ្ងរ៖ ដំបូលលេចធ្លាយ ការងារអគ្គិសនីដែលមិនបំពេញតាមស្តង់ដារដែលអាចអនុវត្តបាន កម្រាលឥដ្ឋដែលមិនមានទម្ងន់ សំណង់ដែលមិនគោរពតាមច្បាប់សំណង់។ ទាំងនេះអាចបង្ហាញពីភាពត្រឹមត្រូវនៃការរំលាយ ការជំនួសអ្នកម៉ៅការ និងការទាមទារសំណងសម្រាប់ការខាតបង់ជាបន្តបន្ទាប់។

មូលហេតុនៃការបែងចែកនេះគឺមាត្រា 6:265 នៃក្រមរដ្ឋប្បវេណីហូឡង់៖ រាល់ការខកខានក្នុងការអនុវត្តផ្តល់សិទ្ធិឱ្យរំលាយកិច្ចសន្យា លុះត្រាតែការខកខាននោះ ដោយសារលក្ខណៈពិសេស ឬសារៈសំខាន់តិចតួចរបស់វា មិនមែនជាហេតុផលសម្រាប់ការរំលាយកិច្ចសន្យានោះទេ។ ករណីលើកលែងគឺជាអ្វីដែលដំណើរការក្នុងការអនុវត្ត ហើយវាជាមូលហេតុដែលការរំលាយកិច្ចសន្យាដោយសារបញ្ហាថ្នាំលាបបរាជ័យ។

តើអ្នកណាជាអ្នកទទួលខុសត្រូវ នៅពេលដែលមានភាគីជាច្រើនជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ?

In most cases the main contractor, because it is liable for its subcontractors and suppliers as for itself.

Larger projects involve an architect, a structural engineer, subcontractors and suppliers, and the instinct to pursue whoever caused the problem is usually wrong. Your contract is with the main contractor, and under Article 6:76 of the Dutch Civil Code a party that uses others to perform its obligations is liable for their conduct as for its own. The contractor cannot therefore point at its subcontractor or at the supplier of a faulty material; that is a matter between them.

The exception is where you contracted separately with the designer or with a supplier. A designer owes a professional duty of care, and a design fault is a different claim with its own limitation period. Where a defective product caused physical damage, the manufacturer may be liable in its own right. Identify at the outset who your contract is with, because that decides who you write to and who you sue.

ហេតុអ្វីបានជាការដឹកជញ្ជូនមានសារៈសំខាន់ខ្លាំងម្ល៉េះ?

នៅពេលប្រគល់ (ការដោះដូរ) ហានិភ័យនឹងធ្លាក់មកលើអ្នក ហើយកំហុសដែលអាចមើលឃើញដែលអ្នកមិនបានកត់សម្គាល់ ជាគោលការណ៍ ត្រូវបានទទួលយក។ សូមពិនិត្យដោយប្រុងប្រយ័ត្ន និងកត់ត្រារាល់កំហុសជាលាយលក្ខណ៍អក្សរ។

Delivery is the formal handover of the completed work, and article 7:758 of the Dutch Civil Code attaches heavy consequences to it. Once you have accepted the work, it is deemed delivered, and from that point the risk passes to you and the final payment falls due.

The critical rule is in Article 7:758 paragraph 3. After delivery the contractor is discharged from liability for defects that you ought reasonably to have discovered at the time of delivery. In other words, everything visible that you signed off without comment is, in principle, your problem. That single sentence explains why the delivery inspection is the most important hour of the whole project, and why you should walk the site with a snagging list, note every point in writing, and have the contractor sign it.

For contracts concluded on or after 1 January 2024 the position on non-visible defects has improved considerably. The Quality Assurance for the Building Sector Act (Wet kwaliteitsborging voor het bouwen, Wkb) added a fourth paragraph to Article 7:758 for building work: the contractor remains liable for defects that were not discovered at delivery, unless those defects cannot be attributed to it. The burden has shifted. A consumer client cannot be deprived of this protection by contract; a professional client can agree otherwise, but only if the contract says so expressly.

The same Act introduced article 7:757a of the Dutch Civil Code, which obliges the contractor to hand over a delivery file at completion: drawings and calculations, a description of what was built, details of the materials and installations used, and the information needed for use and maintenance. Ask for it, and do not make the final payment until you have it. It is the document you will need if a defect appears three years later.

តើ Wkb គ្របដណ្តប់លើអ្វីខ្លះ ហើយអ្វីខ្លះទៀតដែលមិនគ្របដណ្តប់?

ពាក់កណ្តាលនៃច្បាប់សាធារណៈនៃ Wkb បានអនុវត្តចាប់តាំងពីថ្ងៃទី 1 ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ 2024 ចំពោះការងារសាងសង់អគារថ្មីក្នុងលទ្ធផលថ្នាក់ទី 1 ដែលជាប្រភេទហានិភ័យទាបបំផុត ដែលគ្របដណ្តប់លើបញ្ហាដូចជាផ្ទះដាច់ដោយឡែក និងអគារពាណិជ្ជកម្មតូចៗ។ សម្រាប់គម្រោងទាំងនោះ អ្នកធានាគុណភាពឯករាជ្យ (kwaliteitsborger) ត្រួតពិនិត្យការងារក្នុងអំឡុងពេលសាងសង់ ជំនួសឱ្យក្រុងវាយតម្លៃផែនការជាមុន ហើយការជូនដំណឹងអំពីការបញ្ចប់ត្រូវតែដាក់ជូនក្រុងមុនពេលអគារអាចត្រូវបានប្រើប្រាស់។ ការពង្រីកការងារជួសជុលឡើងវិញរបស់វាត្រូវបានពន្យារពេល ហើយមិនមានកាលបរិច្ឆេទកំណត់ទេ។ ទោះជាយ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយ ការផ្លាស់ប្តូរច្បាប់ឯកជនដែលបានពិពណ៌នាខាងលើ អនុវត្តចំពោះកិច្ចសន្យាសម្រាប់ការងារជាទូទៅ មិនត្រឹមតែចំពោះគម្រោងដែលស្ថិតនៅក្រោមប្រព័ន្ធត្រួតពិនិត្យថ្មីនោះទេ។

តើអ្នកត្រូវត្អូញត្អែរលឿនប៉ុណ្ណា ហើយតើការទាមទាររបស់អ្នកផុតកំណត់នៅពេលណា?

Complain in writing within a reasonable time after you discover the defect. Your claim then expires two years after that complaint, and in any event twenty years after delivery of a building.

There is a persistent myth that Dutch law gives a five-year guarantee against hidden defects. It does not, and relying on that idea is how good claims are lost.

Two rules govern timing. The first is the duty to complain. Article 6:89 of the Dutch Civil Code requires you to protest within a reasonable time after you discovered the defect, or reasonably should have discovered it. What is reasonable depends on the circumstances, but the safe course is simple: write to the contractor as soon as you notice something, describe what you have seen, and date it. A client who waits, hoping the problem will settle, risks losing the right to complain at all.

The second is limitation. Under article 7:761 of the Dutch Civil Code a claim in respect of a defect in delivered work becomes time-barred two years after you protested about it. That is a short period, and it runs from your own letter. Interrupt it in writing before it expires, or start proceedings.

There are also outer limits, running from delivery regardless of when the defect appeared: twenty years for building works, and ten years in all other cases. Those are the figures that the five-year myth has displaced. Keep the correspondence: a written acknowledgement of the defect by the contractor interrupts the limitation period (Article 3:318 BW).

តើអ្នកគួរធ្វើអ្វីនៅថ្ងៃដែលអ្នករកឃើញចំណុចខ្វះខាត?

ហេតុអ្វីបានជាអ្នកត្រូវការការជូនដំណឹងអំពីការខកខាន?

សំណងភាគច្រើនអាចរកបានលុះត្រាតែអ្នកម៉ៅការខកខានមិនបានសងប្រាក់។ ជាធម្មតាវាតម្រូវឱ្យមានការជូនដំណឹងជាលាយលក្ខណ៍អក្សរដែលផ្តល់រយៈពេលសមរម្យសម្រាប់ការជួសជុល។

Dutch law distinguishes between a contractor who has failed to perform and a contractor who is in default (verzuim). Most remedies, including damages for delay, dissolution and having the work done by a third party, require default. Default normally arises only after a notice of default, the ingebrekestelling, under Article 6:82 of the Dutch Civil Code: a written demand giving the contractor a reasonable period in which to perform properly after all.

A legally effective notice contains four things. It identifies the defects specifically, with reference to the contract and the evidence. It demands repair or replacement at the contractor’s expense. It sets a reasonable period, which depends on the nature of the work: days for a paint repair, weeks for structural work. And it states what will happen if the period passes without result.

What counts as reasonable is judged objectively. A deadline that is plainly too short does not make the notice invalid, but it will be read as if a reasonable period had been given, which delays the moment default arises. Err on the generous side; the point of the notice is to make the contractor’s failure indisputable, not to catch it out.

Send the notice by registered post as well as by email. Registered post proves receipt and the date of receipt, and an email that the contractor claims never to have seen is worth much less. Our ការជូនដំណឹងអំពីឧទាហរណ៍លំនាំដើម shows how such a letter is structured.

There are situations in which no notice is required, and they matter. Under article 6:83 of the Dutch Civil Code default arises automatically where a fixed deadline for performance has passed, where the obligation arises from an unlawful act, or where the contractor has made clear that it will not perform. Refusal in writing is therefore a gift: it dispenses with the waiting period. Where performance has become permanently impossible, for example because the wrong materials have been built in irreversibly, a notice is likewise pointless.

តើអ្នកអាចធ្វើអ្វីបាន ប្រសិនបើអ្នកម៉ៅការមិនជួសជុល?

អ្នកអាចផ្អាកការទូទាត់ ឲ្យក្រុមហ៊ុនផ្សេងធ្វើការងារ ស្នើសុំការបញ្ចុះតម្លៃ ឬការរំលាយក្រុមហ៊ុន និងទាមទារសំណង។ សំណងនីមួយៗមានលក្ខខណ្ឌរៀងៗខ្លួន។

នៅពេលដែលថ្ងៃផុតកំណត់នៅក្នុងការជូនដំណឹងរបស់អ្នកបានកន្លងផុតទៅ ដំណោះស្រាយជាច្រើននឹងអាចរកបាន។ ពួកវាអាចត្រូវបានផ្សំគ្នា ប៉ុន្តែលក្ខខណ្ឌនីមួយៗមានលក្ខខណ្ឌ ហើយជម្រើសខុសបង្កើតបញ្ហាថ្មីមួយជាជាងដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាចាស់។

តើអ្នកអាចផ្អាកការទូទាត់បានទេ?

Where the contractor has not performed, you may suspend your own obligation to pay under articles 6:52 and 6:262 of the Dutch Civil Code. The requirement is proportionality. If the cost of putting the defects right is a small fraction of the contract sum, you cannot withhold the entire final instalment; the part you retain must bear a reasonable relationship to the value of what is wrong. Suspend too much and you are the party in breach, which exposes you to interest, to collection costs and to a claim of your own.

Say what you are doing and why. A payment that simply stops, with no explanation, looks like a payment dispute rather than a quality dispute, and the difference matters when a judge or an arbitrator reads the file a year later.

តើអ្នកអាចជួលក្រុមហ៊ុនផ្សេងទៀតដោយចំណាយលើអ្នកម៉ៅការបានទេ?

This is the remedy most often misunderstood. You cannot, as a rule, simply instruct another firm and send the bill to the first one. Dutch law offers two routes. You can ask the court for authorisation to have the defect remedied at the debtor’s expense under Article 3:299 of the Dutch Civil Code, which is the clean solution where there is time. Or you can have the work done once the contractor is in default and claim the reasonable additional cost as damages under Article 6:74 of the Dutch Civil Code, converting the claim for performance into a claim for substitute damages under Article 6:87.

Whichever route you take, keep the costs defensible. Obtain more than one quotation, choose a proportionate solution rather than an upgrade, and document the state of the work before the second contractor starts. The first contractor is liable for the cost of putting matters right, not for the cost of a better result than you contracted for.

តើពេលណាអ្នកអាចកាត់បន្ថយតម្លៃ ឬរំលាយកិច្ចសន្យាបាន?

Partial dissolution produces a reduction of the price, and it is frequently the most practical outcome where the defect is real but repair is disproportionate. Full dissolution under Article 6:265 of the Dutch Civil Code releases both parties from their future obligations and creates obligations to undo what has been performed; because building work cannot be handed back, this usually resolves into a monetary settlement of value already received.

Dissolution is available only where the shortcoming justifies it. Where the work is largely sound, expect a court or an arbitrator to reduce the price rather than unwind the whole contract, and to look closely at whether you gave the contractor a genuine opportunity to repair.

តើអ្នកអាចទាមទារការខាតបង់អ្វីខ្លះ?

រួមជាមួយនឹងចំណុចណាមួយខាងលើ អ្នកអាចទាមទារសំណងជំងឺចិត្តក្រោមមាត្រា 6:74 នៃក្រមរដ្ឋប្បវេណីហូឡង់សម្រាប់ការខាតបង់ដែលបណ្តាលមកពីការបរាជ័យ៖ ថ្លៃជួសជុល ការខូចខាតជាបន្តបន្ទាប់ដូចជាការខូចខាតដោយទឹកចំពោះកម្រាលឥដ្ឋ ថ្លៃស្នាក់នៅបណ្តោះអាសន្ន ឬការផ្ទុក និងថ្លៃដើមសមហេតុផលក្នុងការបង្កើតការទទួលខុសត្រូវ និងការទទួលបានរបាយការណ៍របស់អ្នកជំនាញ។ ផលប្រយោជន៍ផ្លូវច្បាប់ចាប់ផ្តើមពីពេលដែលខកខានមិនបានសងបំណុល។ ការខាតបង់ត្រូវតែបញ្ជាក់ ដូច្នេះត្រូវរក្សាទុកវិក្កយបត្រ និងសម្រង់តម្លៃ ហើយចាត់តាំងរបាយការណ៍របស់អ្នកជំនាញឯករាជ្យឱ្យបានឆាប់តាមដែលមូលហេតុបច្ចេកទេសត្រូវបានជំទាស់។ នៅក្នុងវិវាទសំណង់ របាយការណ៍របស់អ្នកជំនាញជាធម្មតាជាអ្នកសម្រេចលើករណីនេះ។

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់មានការការពារបន្ថែមអ្វីខ្លះ?

If you are a consumer having a home built, you may withhold up to 5 per cent of the price and deposit it with a civil-law notary. The contractor must also tell you in writing how the risks of insolvency and defects are covered.

Article 7:768 of the Dutch Civil Code gives a consumer who has a home built the right to withhold up to five per cent of the contract price and to deposit it with a civil-law notary instead of paying it to the contractor. The notary pays the money to the contractor three months after delivery, unless you tell the notary before then that you are withholding it because of defects that have not been repaired. It is the single most effective piece of leverage a consumer has, and it works only if it was arranged before the money was paid.

Article 7:765a of the Dutch Civil Code, also new in 2024, requires a contractor building a home for a consumer to inform the client in writing whether and how it has arranged cover for the risk of insolvency and for liability for defects. Read that statement before signing. A guarantee certificate from a recognised guarantee institution is worth considerably more than a promise from a company with no assets, and the absence of any cover is itself information.

Finally, check which general conditions apply. Consumer building contracts are often concluded on the AVA conditions, larger civil and commercial projects on the UAV or the UAV-GC. These set their own periods for complaint and for guarantee, and they usually contain an arbitration clause. Conditions that were never handed to you before the contract was signed can sometimes be set aside, but do not rely on that.

តើ​ជម្លោះ​របស់​អ្នក​នឹង​ត្រូវ​ដោះស្រាយ​នៅ​ទីណា?

Check the general conditions first. Many construction contracts send disputes to arbitration or to a disputes committee rather than to the court.

Many construction contracts refer disputes to the Raad van Arbitrage in bouwgeschillen, the arbitration board for construction disputes, formerly known as the Raad van Arbitrage voor de Bouw. Its arbitrators are engineers, architects and construction lawyers, which is a genuine advantage where the dispute is technical. Proceedings are private and an award is binding and enforceable, with only limited scope for review by the ordinary courts. A valid arbitration clause takes the case away from the civil court, so read it before drafting a writ.

For consumers there is a cheaper route. Where the contractor is affiliated to a trade association that participates in the Geschillencommissie, the disputes committee for building and renovation can decide the matter for a modest fee, generally faster than either arbitration or a court. Check the contractor’s affiliation before you commit to another route.

Otherwise the civil courts decide. Claims up to EUR 25,000 are heard by the subdistrict court (kantonrechter), where you may appear without a lawyer; larger claims go to the district court, where representation by an advocate is required. Court fees are fixed by law and adjusted annually. Where speed matters, for instance to stop work or to secure a payment, summary proceedings (kort geding) before the preliminary relief judge (voorzieningenrechter) deliver a decision in weeks rather than months.

ក្នុងនាមជាអតិថិជន តើអ្នកគួរពិនិត្យមើលអ្វីខ្លះ?

Most construction disputes are decided by documents created before the work started and at delivery.

• Check the contractor’s registration in the Commercial Register of the Chamber of Commerce (KvK), its liability insurance and any guarantee scheme.
• Specify materials by brand, type and quantity, and tie payments to verified milestones.
• As a consumer having a home built, arrange the 5 per cent deposit with a civil-law notary under Article 7:768 BW before you pay.
• Inspect at delivery with a written snagging list signed by the contractor, because visible defects are accepted under Article 7:758(3) BW.
• Ask for the delivery file under Article 7:757a BW before the final payment.

ក្នុងនាមជាអ្នកម៉ៅការ តើអ្នកគួរពិនិត្យមើលអ្វីខ្លះ?

The same rules decide your exposure when a client complains about your work.

• Warn the client in writing and in clear terms about errors in the instructions, materials or ground (Article 7:754 BW).
• For a home built for a consumer, state in writing how insolvency and defects are covered (Article 7:765a BW).
• Hand over the general conditions (AVA, UAV or UAV-GC) before the contract is signed.
• Record the delivery and the agreed snagging points in writing.
• Respond to a notice of default within the period set, in writing, with a repair plan or reasoned rejection.

អត្ថបទរបស់យើងអំពី ពិការភាពនៅក្នុងផ្ទះដែលទើបសាងសង់ថ្មី និងនៅលើ កំហុសឆ្គងក្នុងការសាងសង់ និងអ្នកណាជាអ្នកទទួលខុសត្រូវ go further into the liability questions.

What can we do for you with defective construction work?

របស់​យើង មេធាវីអចលនៈទ្រព្យ advise private clients, developers and contractors on construction disputes; our សន្ទស្សន៍នៃមគ្គុទ្ទេសក៍ច្បាប់អចលនទ្រព្យហូឡង់ lists our other articles.

• We assess whether the work complies with the contract, the drawings and the Building Works (Living Environment) Decree.
• We draft the written protest and the notice of default with a reasonable repair period.
• We calculate how much payment you can safely suspend under Articles 6:52 and 6:262 BW.
• We apply to the court for authorisation under Article 3:299 BW to have the work done by another firm.
• We conduct proceedings before the civil courts, the Raad van Arbitrage in bouwgeschillen or the Geschillencommissie.

សេចក្តីសង្ខេប

• ត្អូញត្អែរទៅអ្នកម៉ៅការជាលាយលក្ខណ៍អក្សរភ្លាមៗនៅពេលដែលអ្នករកឃើញកំហុស (មាត្រា 6:89 BW)។
• សូមផ្តល់ការជូនដំណឹងជាលាយលក្ខណ៍អក្សរអំពីការខកខានជាមួយនឹងរយៈពេលសមរម្យសម្រាប់ការជួសជុល។ សំណងភាគច្រើនអាស្រ័យលើវា។
• ផ្អាកការទូទាត់តែតាមសមាមាត្រទៅនឹងពិការភាព ហើយឱ្យក្រុមហ៊ុនមួយផ្សេងទៀតធ្វើការងារតែបន្ទាប់ពីការខកខាន ឬដោយមានការអនុញ្ញាតពីតុលាការ។
• ការទាមទាររបស់អ្នកផុតកំណត់ពីរឆ្នាំបន្ទាប់ពីពាក្យបណ្តឹងរបស់អ្នក និងយ៉ាងយូរបំផុតម្ភៃឆ្នាំបន្ទាប់ពីការប្រគល់អគារ (មាត្រា 7:761 BW)។
• សូមពិនិត្យមើលលក្ខខណ្ឌទូទៅ៖ ជារឿយៗពួកគេបញ្ជូនវិវាទទៅអាជ្ញាកណ្តាល ឬគណៈកម្មាធិការវិវាទ។

សំណួរ​ដែលគេ​ច្រើន​សួរ